1. Don't ignore the papers

The most costly mistake is doing nothing. If you miss the deadline to respond, the other side can ask the court for a default judgment, meaning they win without you ever presenting your side. That can lead to wage garnishment, bank levies, or liens on your property.

2. Identify what you were served with

Most lawsuits begin with two documents:

- The summons, which tells you that you are being sued, which court is handling the case, and how long you have to respond.

- The complaint, which explains who is suing you, what they claim you did, and what they want (money, an order, or both).

Read both carefully, start to finish. Note the court, the case number, and the names of the parties.

3. Find your response deadline

The summons will state how many days you have to file a written response, often called an answer. In many courts this is between 14 and 30 days, but it varies. Mark the date on your calendar and count conservatively. If you're unsure how the deadline is calculated, ask the court clerk or an attorney.


4. Gather and protect your documents

Start collecting anything related to the dispute:

  • Contracts, invoices, and receipts

  • Emails, texts, and other messages

  • Photos, recordings, or records of payments

  • Any prior correspondence with the person or company suing you

Do not delete or alter anything. Destroying relevant evidence, even by accident, can seriously damage your case.

5. Talk to a lawyer early

Many attorneys offer free or low-cost initial consultations. Even if you plan to represent yourself, a short meeting can help you understand your options, spot defenses, and avoid procedural traps. If cost is a concern, look into legal aid organizations, local bar association referral services, and court self-help centers.


Quick checklist

  1. [ ] Read the summons and complaint

  2. [ ] Write down your deadline

  3. [ ] Save all related documents

  4. [ ] Consult an attorney

  5. [ ] File your response on time